Jonathan Clark Papers – Temple Bodley Collection, 1783-1816
Collection held by the Filson Historical Society, Louisville, Kentucky
Creator: Clark, Jonathan, 1750-1811 and William Clark, 1770-1838
Title: Jonathan Clark Papers – Temple Bodley Collection, 1783-1816
Rights: For information regarding literary and copyright interest for this collection, contact the Collections Department at gro.lacirotsihnoslif@hcraeser.
Size of Collection: 0.33 cu. ft.
Location Number: Mss. A C593e
Finding aid created by: James J. Holmberg
Date finding aid created: 8 January 2026
Date finding aid last updated: 8 January 2026
Scope and Content Note
Collection of 51 letters written by William Clark, primarily to his oldest brother Jonathan, from soon after joining the Army in 1792 until shortly before Jonathan’s death in 1811. Written in an informative and revealing manner to keep Jonathan informed of his activities, concerns, family, and health, and to also benefit from Jonathan’s valued advice, William’s letters report on a wealth of people and events, as well as his opinions and observations. They are more revealing of him on a personal level than his other known correspondence. Subjects of particular historical importance include the Lewis and Clark Expedition; his enslaved African Americans, especially York; the death of Meriwether Lewis; and his wife Julia Hancock Clark. These letters were published in 2002 by Yale University Press under the title Dear Brother: Letters of William Clark to Jonathan Clark. Additional letters and documents in the collection include letters to Jonathan Clark from Richard C. Anderson, Sr., Joshua Fry, Joseph Herndon, and legal, tax, military, and land documents. Consult the list of subject headings in this finding aid for more detailed topics of possible interest.
Related Collections:
Temple Bodley papers [Mss. A B668]
Bodley family papers [Mss. A B668e]
Clark family papers [Mss. A C592c]
Clark-Hite family papers [Mss. A C593]
Biographical or Historical Note
The brief biographies that follow include William Clark as the letter writer and recipients of his letters: brothers Jonathan and Edmund, and nephew John Hite Clark, as well as significant subjects Julia Hancock Clark and Meriwether Lewis discussed in the letters. Biographies of enslaved African Americans mentioned in Clark’s letters, including York (also a major subject) are profiled in a separate document. Additional profiles are included for Richard C. Anderson, Sr., Joshua Fry, and Joseph Herndon, as correspondents of Jonathan Clark. The bios are based on the biographies included in Dear Brother. Additional information is available in other sources, especially regarding William and Julia Clark, York, and Meriwether Lewis. Sibling Fanny Clark O’Fallon Thruston Fitzhugh’s profile is included because her letters (from a different collection) are included in Dear Brother.
William Clark (1770-1838)
William Clark is best known in historical annals as the co-leader, together with Meriwether Lewis, of the famed Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1803-1806. Born in Caroline County, Virginia, on August 1, 1770, Clark was the ninth of ten siblings born to John and Ann Rogers Clark. He was raised on the family farm in Caroline County. The Clark family supported the American cause of independence in the American Revolution. Clark was too young to serve in the military, but his five older brothers did – three in the Virginia Continental Line and two in the Virginia militia. His oldest brother, Jonathan (1750-1811), rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Virginia line and his brother George Rogers, gained fame for his military exploits in the West, the apex of which was his victorious Illinois Campaign against the British, which helped secure the Northwest Territory for the United States. Two of his brothers – John, Jr. and Richard – made the ultimate sacrifice for their country. His brothers’ example of service was an important influence on the young William.
At the urging of George Rogers, John and Ann Clark moved to Jefferson County, Kentucky, in 1785, settling on a farm christened Mulberry Hill on the outskirts of Louisville. It was there that William’s education continued and he grew to maturity learning frontier and surveying skills. In 1789 and 1791 he accompanied Kentucky militia campaigns against Native American tribes in present Indiana. Later in 1791 Clark attended college in Virginia and while there accepted a commission dated March 1, 1792, as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He served from 1792 until resigning as a first lieutenant in July 1796. While in the army, Clark was active in the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys and a veteran of the army’s 1794 campaign against the Northwest Indian alliance, including the former’s victory in the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August of 1794.
For the next seven years Clark managed the family farm (which he inherited in 1799 upon his father’s death) and traveled extensively helping his brother George with his legal and financial difficulties. Those efforts on behalf of George resulted in his financial collapse, the subsequent sale of Mulberry Hill to his brother Jonathan (who had moved from Spotsylvania County, Virginia, with his family to a nearby farm), and resettling on a farm in Clarksville, Indiana Territory, at the foot of the Falls of the Ohio. In July of 1803, shortly after moving across the river, he received an invitation from his former army comrade and friend Meriwether Lewis to accompany him as co-commander of an expedition to explore the American West following the Missouri River to its headwaters in the Rocky Mountains and then down the Columbia River system to the Pacific. This was the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition, generally acknowledged as the greatest exploring venture in the history of the U. S. Upon its return he resigned his commission (officially that of a first lieutenant but acting as a captain during the expedition – which he was in the Kentucky militia) and accepted a commission as a brigadier general in the Louisiana Territory militia and the position of chief Indian agent for the territory.
In January 1808 Clark married Julia Hancock (1791-1820) of Fincastle, Virginia. Since his return from the expedition, Clark had traveled between St. Louis, Louisville and Clarksville, Virginia, and Washington City in the course of his government positions and courtship and marriage of Julia. In June of 1808 Clark and his bride, together with enslaved African Americans permanently moved from the Falls of the Ohio to St. Louis. From 1809 to 1818, they had five children. Julia died in June of 1820 in Virginia and is buried there. William married Harriet Kennerly Radford (1788-1831), a widow and cousin of Julia’s, in November 1821. They had two children.
Following the death of Meriwether Lewis in October of 1809, responsibility for the expedition history fell to Clark. He recruited Nicholas Biddle to write a narrative history. The history wasn’t published until 1814, lacking the originally planned scientific data.
Clark was active in the Mississippi Valley during the War of 1812; was appointed governor of Missouri Territory in 1813 and served until 1821, having lost the election for governor of the state in 1820. In 1822 he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the West, serving until his death, and Surveyor General for Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas (1824-1825).
Clark died on September 1, 1838, in St. Louis. He originally was buried on his nephew John O’Fallon’s farm and later moved to Bellefontaine Cemetery. Clark left a complicated legacy. He was a man shaped by the times and culture in which he lived. Recognized as one of America’s greatest explorers, his actions on behalf of the government to extinguish Indian title to millions of acres of land and his enslavement of African Americans reflect both government policy and being the product of a slaveholding family and society, respectively.
For more detailed information on Clark there are several good recent biographies and numerous online profiles. The Moulton edition of the journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition is the definitive source for that journey and is available online.
Jonathan Clark (1750-1811)
Jonathan Clark was born on August 12, 1750 (new-style calendar), in Albemarle County, Virginia. He was the oldest of the ten Clark children. His son George W. Clark described him as tall, perhaps a bit over six-feet tall, raw-boned, with reddish or sandy colored hair, mixed with gray in his later years; and that his father and William bore a strong resemblance.
Jonathan grew up in Caroline County, Virginia, where his parents had moved in the mid-1750s, received a good education, served as a deputy clerk of Spotsylvania County, Virginia, and in 1772 moved to Woodstock, in present Shenandoah County, Virginia, where he was deputy clerk for three years of what was then Dunmore County.
The Clarks were patriots from the gathering of the first storm clouds with Great Britain. In 1775 and 1776 Jonathan served as a delegate to two Virginia Revolutionary conventions that met to discuss a formal call for independence. In early 1776 he was commissioned a captain in the Eighth Virginia Infantry Regiment of the Continental Line and eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel; and participated in some of the major battles of the war: Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. He was with Benjamin Lincoln’s army at Charleston, South Carolina, when that entire force surrendered to the British. Paroled in the spring of 1781, he returned home for the remainder of the war. He was one of the founding members of the Society of the Cincinnati.
Jonathan’s postwar years were filled with business and family affairs. On February 13, 1782, he married Sarah Hite of Frederick County, Virginia. They settled on a farm in southeastern Spotsylvania County near the Caroline County farm of his parents. They had seven children. In addition to managing his farm, Jonathan also assisted with Clark family affairs, especially related to land matters, served as a magistrate, and was a respected member of the community. He enjoyed a wide circle of friends and associates and was sought out for his wise counsel.
In 1802 Jonathan and his family moved to Jefferson County, Kentucky, settling on a farm christened Trough Spring, near that of his brother William’s Mulberry Hill farm. Jonathan had visited Kentucky in 1783-1784 regarding family land business and to prepare the Clark farm for his parents’ settling there in early 1785. Brother Edmund also moved to Kentucky in 1802 and sister Ann Clark Gwathmey and her family also had moved there a few years earlier. For the first time in some thirty years, all the surviving Clark siblings were living in the same neighborhood. On his Trough Spring estate, Jonathan enjoyed the life of a country gentleman and farmer, a prominent and respected member of the Louisville community. He was one of the area’s largest slaveholders, owning some sixty enslaved persons at his death. Jonathan died on November 25, 1811. He was buried in the family cemetery at Mulberry Hill, and reinterred in Cave Hill Cemetery in 1868 (as a number of those buried there were).
Jonathan kept a diary for over forty years (1770-1811), recording his movements and events of interest; where he spent the night; the weather; and births, marriages, and deaths. While very concise, the diary contains a wealth of information. His extant letters reflect his interest in family, friends, business, and national affairs. William’s surviving letters to him reflect the love and respect he held for his brother; and his desire to keep him well-informed of his affairs and local news to maintain their connection and benefit from Jonathan’s advice. Unfortunately, most of Jonathan’s letters to William have not survived, and their flow of conversation on paper is rather one-sided. Fortunately, this collection of letters to William’s “Dear Brother” have survived, emerging from the attic of a house in Louisville, providing historically priceless information about the life and times of one of America’s most famous explorers.
Julia (Judith) Hancock Clark (1791-1820)
Julia (christened as Judith but preferred Julia) was born on November 21, 1791, in Fincastle, Virginia, most likely at the Hancock home Santillane. Her parents were George and Margaret Strother Hancock. It is possible that William Clark knew her before the expedition, but he did stop in Fincastle on his way to Washington in early 1807 and began courting her then. His friend and army comrade William Preston was married to Julia’s older sister Caroline. William and Julia married on or about January 5, 1808 (date of the marriage bond). William was 37 and Julia 16 – not an unusual age difference at that time. After a visit with family in Louisville, the couple settled in St. Louis where William served in federal positions as chief Indian agent in the West and brigadier general of the territorial militia. Julia gave birth to their first child in January 1809. Four more children followed over the next nine and a half years (to July 1818). By 1820 Julia’s health was failing. Complications from the birth of her fifth child, cancer it is believed, and possibly consumption resulted in her death on June 27, 1820. She was staying with her family at their Fotheringay estate in Virginia at the time in hopes of regaining her health. She was buried in the family vault there. Her father died three weeks later and also was buried there.
William’s letters to Jonathan provide important information about Julia’s life and reactions as a young bride and mother leaving a comfortable life in Virginia for one on the edge of the frontier in St. Louis. She had a strong bond with the Clark family and in his letters, William reports on her activities, feelings, and quotes her comments and requests.
Frances “Fanny” Clark O’Fallon Thruston Fitzhugh (1773-1825)
Frances “Fanny” Clark was born in Caroline County, Virginia, on January 19, 1773, the youngest of the ten Clark children born to John and Ann Rogers Clark. Family tradition recalls her being known as the “great black-haired beauty of Kentucky.” She first married adventurer and land speculator Dr. James O’Fallon (1750-1794). The marriage was unhappy and possibly abusive and ended when O’Fallon died in 1794. The marriage produced two children: John and Benjamin O’Fallon. Fanny then married Charles Mynn Thruston (1765-1800) on January 19, 1796. This marriage produced two children: Charles and Ann Thruston. Her husband was killed by one of his enslaved men in December 1800, leaving her twice a widow. At this point her brother William took on the role of surrogate parent to the four young children and assisted with their care and education. On May 13, 1805, Fanny married her cousin Dennis Fitzhugh. This union produced two children: Lucy and Clark. Dennis died in 1822 and Fanny, in failing health, moved to St. Louis in the spring of 1825 to be under the direct care of her son-in-law Dr. Bernard G. Farrar (daughter Ann’s husband). She died in St. Louis on June 19, 1825, and was buried on her son John O’Fallon’s farm. She was reinterred in the O’Fallon family lot in Bellefontaine Cemetery.
William Clark’s letters to Fanny are not part of the Jonathan Clark Papers – Temple Bodley Collection but were included in Dear Brother. She and some of her children, especially John and Benjamin O’Fallon are mentioned in his letters to Jonathan.
Edmund Clark (1762-1815)
Edmund Clark was born in Caroline County, Virginia, on September 25, 1762, the fourth son and fifth child of John and Ann Rogers Clark. He served in several Virginia Continental Line regiments during the American Revolution, rising in rank from ensign to lieutenant. Like his brother Jonathan, he was taken prisoner with the American army at Charleston, South Carolina, on May 12, 1780. He was exchanged in 1781 and served to the end of the war. He again served in the army as a captain in the 7th U. S. Infantry Regiment in the late 1790s when war with France threatened. He operated a mill and store in Hanover County, Virginia, until moving to Jefferson County, Kentucky, in 1802 when their brother Jonathan and his family did. He bought the Mulberry Hill mill tract on the South Fork of Beargrass Creek from his brother William (Jonathan purchased the house tract). He briefly settled on a farm on Highland Creek from 1807 to 1808 in present Union County, in western Kentucky, but returned to Louisville where he partnered in the mercantile business with his nephew John Hite Clark (Jonathan’s oldest son) in addition to operating the mill (both grist and sawmill at Mulberry Hill) and farmed. He never married. Like his siblings, he was a slaveholder. At the time of his death he owned ten enslaved people (two women and eight children). He died on March 11, 1815, and was buried in the family cemetery at Mulberry Hill, and transferred to Cave Hill Cemetery with other family members in 1868. He served as a Louisville town trustee and is credited with preserving Louisville’s early records.
Several of William’s letters are addressed to Edmund and to both Edmund and nephew John Hite Clark. They discuss family and other news and possibly partnering in a mercantile business between Louisville and St. Louis. His letter of March 1, 1811, includes a list of Indian trade goods for the Missouri Fur Company. William’s letters to Jonathan also mention Edmund and his activities, business, and other subjects.
John Hite Clark (1785-1821)
John Hite Clark was born on September 29, 1785, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. He was the second child and oldest son of Jonathan and Sarah Hite Clark. He moved with his family to Jefferson County, Kentucky, in 1802. He operated a mercantile store with his uncle Edmund Clark from 1809 until Edmund’s 1815 death, and then by himself. He also engaged in other business ventures. He never married and died in the spring of 1821.
Two of William’s letters are addressed to John and one to both John and Edmund. They relate family and other news, mercantile affairs, and thoughts on a man in love. John also is mentioned in William’s letters to Jonathan and Edmund regarding his activities, business plans, and other subjects.
Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809)
Meriwether Lewis was born near Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Virginia, on August 18, 1774, to William and Lucy Meriwether Lewis. Lewis began his military career in the Virginia militia, joined the U. S. Army where he served in the West and met William Clark. He was a captain when he became Thomas Jefferson’s private secretary in early 1801. He was Jefferson’s choice to lead a western expedition to the Pacific and he began preparing for the undertaking with tutoring in scientific and medical subjects and acquiring supplies. In June of 1803 he invited his friend and former commanding officer William Clark to join him as co-captain in the journey. The two men balanced each other perfectly and formed one of the great partnerships in history. Following the expedition, Lewis was appointed governor of Louisiana Territory (commonly known as Upper Louisiana), an administrative post unsuited to his abilities. Possible bipolar disorder together with political, financial, and personal difficulties, together with his failure to produce the promised history of the expedition for publication, contributed to a mental breakdown which resulted in his suicide on October 11, 1809, at an inn along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee on his way to Washington, D.C., to defend his reputation and actions as governor and then to Philadelphia probably to work on the expedition history. Years later a claim of murder was aired, but that is largely discounted. Proof of such is lacking, whereas that for Lewis taking his own life does exist, including both his best friend William Clark and his mentor Thomas Jefferson believed he had killed himself.
William Clark’s letters to Jonathan mention Lewis and his activities and problems. Several letters specifically discuss his death and news received about Lewis’s last days from people who were with him. Clark’s letter of October 28, 1809, written on the day he first learned of his friend’s reported suicide, states he believes him to be in a state of mind to do so.
Biographical Profiles of Enslaved African Americans
Biographical profiles of the enslaved African Americans (including York) owned by the Clark family – primarily by William, Jonathan, and Edmund – mentioned in William’s letters to Jonathan are included in a separate document. The individuals included are mentioned to varying degrees in both his letters to Jonathan and in amplification notes in Dear Brother. Their biographies have been compiled from both public and private sources. They are listed alphabetically.
Additional Biographical Profiles of Jonathan Clark Correspondents
Richard Clough Anderson, Sr. (1750-1826)
Richard Clough Anderson, Sr. was born in Hanover County, Virginia, in 1750. He served in the Fifth, Sixth, First, and Ninth Virginia Regiments of the Continental Line in succession over the course of the war, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He participated in some of the war’s major battles and was wounded several times. He was captured in 1780 when the American army under General Benjamin Lincoln surrendered at Charleston, South Carolina. He was exchanged and served on the staff of the Marquis de Lafayette at the Battle of Yorktown. He and Jonathan Clark knew each other from their army service. In 1784 he moved to Kentucky and in 1787 married Elizabeth Clark (1769-1795), one of Jonathan’s younger sisters. Elizabeth died on January 15, 1795, due to complications from childbirth, but Anderson and the Clarks continued to maintain a close relationship due to family ties and personal and government land business. Anderson married second Sarah Marshall (1779-1854); and in all fathered fourteen children, including Robert Anderson of Fort Sumter fame. In 1789 he established his residence at Soldier’s Retreat about seven miles east of Louisville (a replica of the stone house stands today along with several original outbuildings and the family cemetery). Soldier’s Retreat became an important social center and was a jumping off point for the Clarks when traveling east. Anderson died on October 16, 1826. He and his daughter Ann are mentioned several times in William Clark’s letters to Jonathan. Two letters from Anderson to Jonathan are in the collection.
Joshua Fry (1759-1839)
Joshua Fry was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, in 1759, was educated at the College of William and Mary, and served in the Virginia militia during the American Revolution. He married Peachy Walker (b. 1767), daughter of Dr. Thomas Walker, in 1783. In 1788 or 1789 the family moved to the Danville, Kentucky, area where he established a school. His school had the reputation of being one of the finest in the state and a number of Kentucky’s future leaders were among its graduates. Members of the Clark family attended his school. Fry is mentioned in a couple of William Clark’s letters to Jonathan. Two letters from Fry to Jonathan are in the collection.
Joseph Herndon (1737-1810)
Information on Joseph Herdon is sparse. He is believed to be the Joseph Hernson born on May 1, 1737, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. He married Mary Minor. They had at least one child, Dabney Herndon. Joseph died in Fredericksburg, Va., on October 28, 1810. He apparently lived his entire life in Spotsylvania County. Jonathan Clark also was a resident of Spotsylvania, settling there after his return from the American Revolution, and at some point, they became good friends, and maintained a correspondence after Jonathan moved to Kentucky in 1802 (as did his possible brother John Herndon). Some of Herndon’s letters to Jonathan are in the collection. In them Herndon discusses local news, politics, and family. Two of the letters (June 8, 1806 and January 11, 1808) apparently reference Lewis and Clark Expedition-related items.
Box List
Folder 1: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, 1792-1802
Folder 2: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, 1803-1807
Folder 3: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, June-October 1808
Folder 4: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, November-December 1808
Folder 5: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, January-July 1809
Folder 6: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, August-November 1809
Folder 7: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, 1810
Folder 8: William Clark to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, 1811
Folder 9: William Clark to Edmund and John H. Clark, correspondence, Dec. 1808-Mar. 1811
Folder 10: William Clark, legal and tax documents, 1803, 1810
Folder 11: Richard C. Anderson and Joshua Fry to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, 1792-1808
Folder 12: Joseph Herndon to Jonathan Clark, correspondence, 1802-1809
Folder 13: Clark family, miscellaneous correspondence, 1809-1816
Folder 14: Jonathan Clark land grants and military document, 1783-ca. 1810
Subject Headings
For more details on how the below subjects appear in this collection, search the subject in the manuscript database at https://filsonhistorical.org/collections/manuscript-database/.
Agriculture – Virginia – History – 19th century.
Albemarle County (Va.)
Allen, John, 1772-1813.
Anderson, Richard Clough, 1750-1826.
Anderson, Richard Clough, 1788-1826.
Anderson, William Preston, 1774-1831.
Armstrong, John, 1755-1816.
Baltimore (Md.)
Banks and banking – Virginia.
Barton, Benjamin Smith, 1766-1815.
Bates, Frederick, 1777-1825.
Bean Station (Tenn.)
Biddle, Nicholas, 1786-1844.
Big Bone (Ky.)
Blennerhassett, Harman, 1765-1831.
Bodley, Temple, 1852-1940.
Boilvin, Nicholas, 1761-1827.
Booth, William Aylett, 1754-1820.
Bowman, Jacob, ca. 1763-1847.
Brazel, William.
Breckinridge, Robert, 1754-1833.
Brock, Thomas, d. ca. 1833.
Brown, Richard.
Brown, Samuel, 1769-1830.
Bullitt, Alexander Scott, 1761-1816.
Bullitt, Cuthbert, 1774-1825.
Bullitt, Thomas, 1777-1823.
Burr Conspiracy, 1805-1807.
Burr, Aaron, 1756-1836.
Callender, James Thomson, 1757 or 1758-1803.
Camp River Dubois (Ill.)
Campbell, Allan, d. 1804.
Campbell, Arthur, 1743-1811.
Campbell, John.
Capron, Henry.
Carr, William C., 1783-1851.
Charless, Joseph, 1772-1834.
Cherokee Indians.
Chickasaw Bluffs (Tenn.)
Chouteau, Jean Pierre, 1758-1849.
Chouteau, Rene Auguste, 1749-1829.
Christy, William, 1764-1837.
Clark family.
Clark, Edmund, 1762-1815.
Clark, Everard, 1780-1829.
Clark, George Rogers, 1752-1818.
Clark, Isaac, 1787-1868.
Clark, John Hite, 1785-1821.
Clark, Jonathan, 1750-1811.
Clark, Julia Hancock, 1791-1820.
Clark, Meriwether Lewis, 1809-1881.
Clark, Sarah Hite, 1760-1818.
Clark, William Preston, 1811-1840.
Clarksville (Clark County, Ind.)
Clinch Mountain (Tenn. and Va.)
Coburn, John, 1763-1823.
Creek Indians – History – 18th century.
Croghan, George, 1791-1849.
Croghan, John, 1790-1849.
Croghan, William, 1752-1822.
Darke, William, 1736-1801.
Delassus, Charles Dehault, 1767-1842.
Distilling industries – Kentucky – History.
Drouillard, George, -1810.
Dueling.
Duncan, Henry, -1814.
Dunlap, James.
Eaton, William, 1764-1811.
Education.
England.
Enslaved persons.
Enslaved persons – United States – Biography.
Enslaved persons – Emancipation.
Enslaved persons – Kentucky – Louisville – Biography.
Enslaved persons – Missouri – Saint Louis – Biography.
Enslaved persons – United States – History – 19th century.
Eustis, William, 1753-1825.
Farrar, Bernard Gaines, 1784-1849.
Field, Joseph, approximately 1780-1807.
Fincastle (Va.)
Fitzhugh, Dennis, 1773-1822.
Fitzhugh, Frances Eleanor “Fanny” Clark O’Fallon Thruston, 1773-1825.
Flatboats.
Floyd, Charles, ca. 1782-1804.
Floyd, Davis, 1774-1831.
Floyd, John, 1783-1837.
Fort Jefferson (Wickliffe, Ky.)
Fort Mandan (N.D.)
Fort Massac (Ill.)
Fort Osage (Mo.: Fort)
Fort Steuben (Jeffersonville, Ind.)
Fossils.
France.
Frankfort (Ky.)
Fredericksburg (Va.)
Fry, Joshua, 1759-1839.
Fur trade.
Gilchrist, Robert, -1837.
Gilmer family.
Goose Creek (Jefferson County, Ky.)
Graham, James, -1811.
Gwathmey, John, 1774-1824.
Gwathmey, Samuel, ca. 1778-1850.
Hancock, George, 1754-1820.
Hanging – Missouri – History.
Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841.
Health – United States.
Herndon family.
Herndon, Joseph, ca. 1739-1811.
Hinkle, Jacob, 1785-1862.
Hite, Isaac, 1758-1836.
Holladay family.
Hopkins, Samuel, 1753-1819.
Hunt, Thomas, 1754-1808.
Indiana Territory.
Indians of North America.
Infanticide.
Iowa Indians.
Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826.
Jones, Rice, 1781-1808.
Jusseaume, Rene, fl. 1806.
Kanawha River Valley (W. Va.) – History – 19th century.
Kansa Indians.
Kaskaskia (Ill.)
Kentucky – Politics and government – 18th century.
Key, Helen Scott Bullitt Massie Martin, 1790-1871.
Lead mines and mining.
Lee, Henry, 1756-1818.
Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803-1806)
Lewis, Meriwether, 1774-1809.
Lexington (Ky.)
Lisa, Manuel, 1772-1820.
Littlepage, Lewis, 1762-1802.
Locust Grove (Louisville, Ky.: Estate)
Long, John, Jr., -1809.
Louisiana.
Louisiana – History.
Louisville (Ky.) – History.
Love.
Lusk’s Ferry (Ill.)
Luttig, John C., -1815.
Madison, James, 1751-1836.
Mason, John, 1766-1849.
McFarlane, James, 1778-
Mercer, John, fl. 1808.
Meriwether, William Douglas, 1761-1845.
Meriwether, William, Jr., ca. 1757-1814.
Miami Indians.
Midwifery.
Minor family.
Mississippi River.
Missouri River.
Moore, Robert Kearney, -1807.
Moorhead, Forgus.
Morrison, William, 1763-1837.
Mosquitoes.
Muhlenberg, Peter, 1746-1807.
Mulberry Hill (Louisville, Ky.)
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821.
Nashville (Tenn.)
Neelly, James, fl. 1809.
New Madrid (Mo.)
New Orleans (La.)
North Dakota.
O’Fallon, Benjamin, 1793-1842.
O’Fallon, John, 1791-1865.
Ohio River.
Ormsby, Peter Benson, 1766-1830.
Osage Indians.
Overton, John, 1766-1833.
Oxmoor (Ky.)
Pearce, Ann Clark, 1792-1833.
Pernier, John, -1810.
Potts, John B., 1769-1847.
Preston family.
Preston, William, 1770-1821.
Pryor, Nathaniel Hale, 1772-1831.
Public executions.
Putnam, Rufus, 1738-1824.
Redstone Landing (Penn.)
Riggs, Ann Clark Anderson Logan, 1790-1863.
Robertson, James, 1742-1814.
Robinson, John Hamilton, 1782-1819.
Russell, Gilbert Christian, 1772-1861.
Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa.
Saint Louis (Mo.)
Salt mines and mining.
Shannon, George, 1785-1836.
Shawnee Nation.
Shelbyville (Ky.)
Shields, John, 1769-1809.
Short, Peyton, 1761-1825.
Simmons, William, 1757-1825.
Slavery.
Slaves – United States – 1800-1860.
Smallpox.
Smith, George.
Spotsylvania County (Va.)
St. Louis Missouri Fur Company.
Stoddard, Amos, 1762-1813.
Stuart, Alexander, 1770-1832.
Sullivan, James, 1748-1815.
Sullivan, John Campbell, 1788-1830.
Taylor, Matilda Nicholas Christy Walker, 1798-1872.
Temple, Benjamin, 1776-1838.
Temple, Eleanor Eltinge Clark, 1783-1867.
Tenskwatawa, Shawnee Prophet, 1775-1836.
Terrell, Richard, -1802.
Thruston, Charles Mynn, 1765-1800.
Thruston, Charles William, 1796-1865.
Thruston, John, 1761-1802.
Tippecanoe, Battle of, Ind., 1811.
Tompkins, George, 1780-1846.
Tompkins, William.
Transportation.
Trough Spring (Louisville, Ky.)
United States – Description and travel.
United States – History – Revolution, 1775-1783 – Veterans.
Upper Louisiana (1804-1812)
Vincennes (Ind.) – History.
Virginia – History – Revolution, 1775-1783.
Waller family.
Walton, Newell, 1763-1834.
Warfington, Richard, ca. 1777-
Washington, George, 1732-1799.
Whiskey.
White Coyote, 1766-1812.
Whiteside, Jenkin, 1772-1822.
Wilkinson, James, 1757-1825.
Williams, Evan, 1755-1810.
Winnebago Indians.
Wythe, George, 1726-1806.
York, approximately 1772-approximately 1821.